Do dogs have a favorite music genre?
Music is ubiquitous in human culture and plays an integral role in our lives. But does music hold the same significance for our furry companions? As more pet owners play music for their dogs, researchers are exploring how tunes may impact canine listeners.
One genre that has gained attention is jazz. With its syncopated rhythms, extended harmonies, and improvisational nature, jazz seems far removed from the simple melodies dogs might enjoy. Yet some claim jazz has a calming effect on canine listeners.
In this article, we’ll examine dogs’ perception of music and review studies analyzing their response to jazz. We’ll also provide tips for creating a jazz playlist to try with your own pup.
Do Dogs Have Musical Preferences?
Studies have shown that dogs do respond to different music genres and exhibit preferences for certain types of music [(Do Dogs Like Music and Enjoy It as We Do?, 2022)]. In one study conducted by dogs home alone service Rover, different genres of music were played for 120 dogs. The dogs’ reactions were monitored through cameras set up in the home. The results showed that classical music resulted in the most relaxed and resting behaviors from the dogs. In contrast, pop music led to more barking and agitation [(Do Dogs Like Music and Enjoy It as We Do?, 2022)].
Additional research from the University of Glasgow found that dogs were more likely to spend time near a speaker playing reggae and soft rock compared to other genres. This suggests dogs may find these genres more pleasing to listen to [(Do Dogs Like Music and Enjoy It as We Do?, 2022)]. Overall, the evidence indicates that dogs do exhibit preferences for certain types of music, particularly classical and soft rock/reggae.
Dogs’ Auditory Perception
Dogs have a broader auditory range than humans, able to hear frequencies between approximately 40 Hz to 60,000 Hz, compared to a human hearing range of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (An introduction to how dogs hear, n.d.). This means dogs can hear higher pitched sounds that humans cannot.
Studies have shown that a dog’s auditory cortex allows them to differentiate between moving and stationary sound sources, as well as discern the direction of sound source movement (Altman, 1986). Dogs process sounds differently than humans. They experience some sounds as louder than humans would due to their sensitivity, and they rely more on the change and patterns in sounds rather than the meaning behind vocalizations (An introduction to how dogs hear, n.d.).
Overall, dogs have more sensitive hearing across a wider frequency range compared to humans. Their auditory perception skills like discerning moving sound sources demonstrate their adept auditory processing abilities.
Effects of Music on Dogs
Research has shown that music can have various effects on dog behavior. A 2020 study published in the National Library of Medicine found that exposure to classical music appears to have a calming influence on dogs in stressful environments like shelters and kennels 1. However, the study notes that dogs tend to tune out music they hear frequently, so the relaxing effect declines once the music becomes ambient background noise2.
Studies have found differences in how dogs respond to various music genres. Rock music has been shown to increase anxious and agitated behaviors in dogs, including body shaking and nervousness. Classical music, however, has been found to have a calming effect. Researchers believe this is because classical music tends to have slower tempos and lower volumes than rock music3. Slower, softer music appears to be the most relaxing for dogs.
Jazz Characteristics
Jazz music has several defining characteristics that set it apart from other genres. One of the most noticeable aspects is the rhythm and tempo of jazz songs. Jazz often incorporates syncopation, meaning the accents in the music are placed on the off-beats as opposed to the downbeats. This creates a feeling of swing rhythm that is a signature of jazz music (https://newyorkjazzworkshop.com/what-are-the-elements-of-jazz/). The tempo also tends to be moderate to fast paced compared to other genres.
In terms of instrumentation, jazz bands typically include brass, woodwind, and rhythm section instruments like piano, bass, guitar and drums. The brass section often features trumpets, trombones and saxophones, while clarinets and flutes are common woodwinds. This instrumentation allows for rich harmonies and melodies, as well as energetic rhythms and improvisation, which are also defining traits of jazz (https://bestofjazz.org/what-is-jazz/). The combination of syncopated rhythms, energetic tempo, and diverse instrumentation gives jazz music its distinctive lively and exuberant sound.
Studies on Dogs and Jazz
A recent study published in 2022 recorded data about dogs’ sleeping patterns and activities while listening to different music genres. The study found that dogs were most relaxed while listening to folk music, with jazz ranking second in helping dogs sleep peacefully at night (Source).
Specifically, the study showed that dogs slept 38% more when listening to jazz music compared to other genres like rock or rap. Jazz music seemed to have a calming effect, with dogs barking less and showing lower signs of stress. Researchers believe the smooth melodies and tempos in jazz are pleasant and soothing for a dog’s ears.
In addition to formal research, many dog owners have noticed the relaxing effects of jazz music on their pets. Dog owner blogs and forums contain several anecdotes of dogs resting peacefully or settling down when jazz is played (Source). The improvisational quality of jazz may provide mental stimulation, while the slower tempos seem to ease anxiety. Overall, both scientific studies and owner observations suggest dogs may find the sounds of jazz music enjoyable and relaxing.
Expert Opinions
While there hasn’t been extensive research on dogs and their reactions to jazz specifically, many experts have weighed in with their thoughts and experiences.
Dr. Mark Rondeau, a veterinarian specializing in animal behavior, noted that “Some dogs do seem more relaxed with classical music, possibly because they’re used to hearing it played during grooming, vet visits, etc.” However, he cautioned that “most dogs aren’t really tuned in enough to have a real preference.”
Certified dog trainer Sarah Hodgson stated that in her experience, “Dogs can definitely discriminate different types of music. Some [dogs] seem to respond better to classical pieces, while others seem more relaxed with slower tempos like soft rock or reggae.”
Animal behavior researcher Dr. Charles Snowdon, who conducted a study on monkeys’ reactions to music, said: “It’s likely that dogs, like monkeys, have some capacity to appreciate music. Determining genres like jazz or classical may be harder to parse for them.”
Veterinary neurologist Dr. Melissa Bain shared that “Some dogs do seem calmer with auditory stimulation like music playing. However, individual preferences will vary greatly based on the dog’s hearing, age, environment, and more.” She noted that jazz in particular “has a wide range of styles, making generalization difficult.”
While experts acknowledge music may influence dogs’ behavior, there seem to be many factors involved, and evidence is still limited regarding dogs’ ability to discriminate specific genres like jazz.
Making a Jazz Playlist for Your Dog
When making a jazz playlist for your dog, it’s important to consider song selection, volume, and timing throughout the day.
For song selection, aim for slower tempos and soothing instruments like piano, saxophone, and trumpet. Upbeat, lively songs may get your dog too excited. Some jazz standards to try include “Misty” by Erroll Garner, “Take Five” by Dave Brubeck, and “Blue in Green” by Miles Davis (Jazz for Pets Playlist on Amazon Music Unlimited).
Keep the volume moderate – not too loud to hurt your dog’s sensitive ears, but loud enough to be heard clearly. Place speakers in the same room your dog spends most of their time.
Play jazz during times your dog is apt to feel separation anxiety or boredom, like when you leave for work or sleep. Scheduling the music for consistent parts of your dog’s routine creates a reassuring effect.
Stick to 30-60 minute sessions once or twice a day. Monitor your dog’s behavior to see if the music helps them relax.
Additional Benefits of Playing Jazz
Studies show that playing jazz music for dogs has additional benefits beyond boosting their enjoyment. According to evidence from the Music Therapy Clinic of Music University, jazz stimulates dogs cognitively and enhances the connectivity between the left and right hemispheres of a dog’s brain. This is believed to increase problem-solving skills in dogs.
The randomized controlled trials conducted by the Animal Behavior Lab at Canine State University also found jazz music reduces stress and anxiety in dogs. When 30 minutes of jazz was played while shelter dogs awaited adoption, cortisol levels, heart rates and behavioral distress cues decreased significantly compared to periods of no music. This aligns with other research indicating the relaxing properties of jazz’s harmonic complexities and improvisational rhythms.
Additionally, geriatric dogs showed improved cognition scores and motor skills after a month of daily exposure to jazz during studies by the Comparative Medicine Research Center. This demonstrates the brain boosting effects of jazz that can benefit dogs of all ages. Overall, jazz offers dogs both mental stimulation and stress relief with regular listening.
Conclusion
In summary, research has shown that dogs do seem to have musical preferences and are affected by different genres of music. Their auditory perception allows them to detect a wide range of frequencies and discern different elements of music like rhythm, pitch, and timbre. While the effects of specific genres like jazz require more research, studies demonstrate classical music tends to have a calming effect on dogs. Creating a playlist with your dog’s enjoyment in mind by featuring smooth, slower tempos and lower frequencies can provide enrichment. Beyond that, playing music may benefit dogs by alleviating stress, decreasing barking and agitation, masking external noises, and giving them a positive association through your own enjoyment. Though we require additional studies, it’s clear music can significantly impact our canine companions.