Lipomas are benign fatty tumors that commonly develop in middle-aged to older dogs. According to research, the 1-year prevalence of lipomas in dogs under veterinary care is approximately 2% [1]. Certain breeds like Doberman Pinschers, Labrador Retrievers, and Miniature Schnauzers are more prone to developing multiple lipomas [2].
While lipomas are typically not dangerous, they can become problematic if they grow large enough to interfere with mobility or quality of life. Most lipomas in dogs are benign, but it’s important to have new lumps examined by a vet to rule out cancer, especially fast-growing lipomas.
Causes and Risk Factors
Lipomas are thought to arise due to a number of factors. Genetics may play a large role, as certain dog breeds like Dobermans, Labradors, Miniature Schnauzers, and mixed breeds are more prone to developing lipomas. Obesity is another major risk factor, as the chronic inflammation from excess fat can stimulate lipoma growth. Insulin resistance and metabolic irregularities can also contribute to fatty tumor formation in dogs.
According to the Denver Vet (https://www.denvervet.com/site/blog/2022/08/31/fatty-tumor-lipoma-dog), lipomas are more common in middle-aged and older dogs. The exact causes are still being studied, but it’s believed that dysfunction in fat metabolism leads to an abnormal accumulation of fat cells. Diet, hormones, and genetics likely interact to influence lipoma development.
Symptoms
Lipomas typically appear as soft, movable lumps under a dog’s skin, often on the neck, shoulders, torso or upper legs 1. They have a rubbery, fatty feel and can range from pea-sized to several inches across. Lipomas are usually painless and do not bother the dog.
While benign fatty tumors themselves are harmless, their location can sometimes cause problems. Lipomas growing rapidly, impairing movement, or interfering with joints, organs or nerves may require removal. Dogs with lipomas on their limbs or torso may bump into objects and irritate the lump. Lipomas on the eyelids, face or genitalia can obstruct vision, eating or going to the bathroom. Chest lipomas can restrict breathing if they compress the lungs. In rare cases, large lipomas can ulcerate or become infected 2.
Signs that a lipoma is problematic include limping, difficulty moving, labored breathing, vision issues, or repeated irritation and infection of the lump. Contact your vet if the lipoma grows rapidly, changes texture, becomes painful, ulcerates or interferes with your dog’s movement or bodily functions.
Diagnosis
When diagnosing lipomas in dogs, veterinarians will first perform a physical exam, feeling for lumps or bumps under the skin. The texture of a lipoma is soft and mobile when felt. According to FirstVet, since all growths look similar, they should be aspirated and evaluated with cytology to look at the cells obtained and confirm it is a benign fatty tumor. This helps rule out mast cell tumors which can appear similar (source).
If the cytology is unclear, a biopsy may be recommended to take a small sample of the lump for further testing. This can definitively determine if it is a lipoma versus another type of growth. While most lipomas are benign fatty tumors, in rarer cases they may be liposarcomas which are cancerous. A biopsy helps differentiate between the two. According to Southern Arizona Veterinary Specialty & Emergency Center, histopathology from a biopsy is the only way to definitively diagnose lipomas in dogs (source).
Conventional Treatment
The most common conventional treatment approach for fatty tumors in dogs is observation and surgery if needed. Many vets recommend initially observing the lipoma and only opting for surgical removal if it is growing quickly, impairing mobility, or becoming irritated.
Surgical removal is considered the most effective way to eliminate lipomas. This procedure is usually done under general anesthesia, and the fatty tumor is fully removed along with a margin of healthy tissue to help ensure it does not recur. Risks include infection, bleeding, swelling, and recurrence if the entire lipoma was not extracted. Dogs typically recover within a few days.
While surgery provides the greatest chance for eliminating lipomas, it does come with some downsides. General anesthesia always poses some risks, especially in older dogs. The surgery and recovery period are also stressful on the dog. And there is a chance the lipoma can grow back over time if any tissue was left behind. The specific risks and benefits should be discussed with the veterinarian.
Supplements to Consider
Certain supplements may help shrink fatty tumors in dogs when used in conjunction with other treatments. Some of the most commonly recommended options include:
Fish Oil – Fish oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids like EPA and DHA, which have anti-inflammatory properties. Fish oil may help reduce inflammation associated with lipomas. Look for a fish oil supplement specifically formulated for dogs.
Turmeric – Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that may help shrink lipomas. Look for a turmeric supplement formulated for dogs. Monitor your dog closely when starting turmeric, as it can cause stomach upset in some dogs.
Milk Thistle – Milk thistle contains the antioxidant compound silymarin, which supports liver health. Since the liver plays a role in removing toxins from the body, milk thistle may help support the body’s natural ability to shrink lipomas when used long-term.
Always consult your vet before giving your dog any new supplements, especially if your dog has any underlying health conditions or is on other medications. Work closely with your vet to determine safe dosages and monitor for any side effects.
Dietary Changes
Making dietary changes can help reduce and prevent the growth of fatty tumors in dogs. According to the article “How to Treat Fatty Skin Tumors in Dogs” on 1800PetMeds.com, the ideal diet contains fresh, whole foods including fish, meat, and pureed vegetables, while avoiding simple carbohydrates like corn, wheat, and rice [1]. Research shows that low-carb, high-protein diets may help shrink existing fatty tumors by promoting fat metabolism and healthy weight maintenance.
Overweight and obese dogs are more prone to developing fatty tumors, so maintaining a healthy weight through an appropriate calorie-controlled diet is important. The article “How a Fatty Tumor Quickly Helped Me Improve My Dog’s Diet” on KeepTheTailWagging.com recommends consulting with your veterinarian to determine your dog’s ideal weight range, and adjusting food portions or switching to a weight management formula as needed [2].
Some specific diet changes to consider include increasing protein sources like fish, chicken, turkey, eggs; adding non-starchy vegetables like broccoli, spinach, carrots; and limiting sugary fruits, simple carbs, and fatty foods. Tracking calories and weighing your dog regularly can help ensure weight management success.
Lifestyle Changes
Making lifestyle changes like increasing exercise and maintaining a healthy weight may help shrink or prevent fatty tumors in dogs. Exercise helps stimulate the metabolism and burn excess fat in the body. Aim for 30-60 minutes of exercise per day through activities like walking, playing fetch, or swimming. Go at your dog’s pace and gradually increase duration and intensity. Consult your vet first, especially if your dog is obese or has mobility issues.
Keeping your dog at a healthy weight is also important. Excess body fat can contribute to fatty tumor development. Feed your dog a nutritious, portion-controlled diet suited for their age, breed, and activity level. Avoid overfeeding treats or table scraps. Monitor your dog’s weight regularly and adjust their diet if needed. Gradual weight loss of 1-2% per week is recommended. Rapid weight loss can be dangerous.
In addition to diet and exercise, other lifestyle factors like environmental toxin exposure may influence fatty tumor risk. Try to minimize exposure to potential toxins through products like flea/tick medication, lawn chemicals, household cleaners, etc. Overall, leading an active, healthy lifestyle is key for reducing fatty tumors.
According to one source, “In the case of lipomas, a healthier diet, alongside exercise, may be one of the keys to preventing their development in the first place.” (https://www.nomnomnow.com/learn/article/shrinking-canine-lipomas)
Holistic Approaches
There are several holistic and natural treatment options that may help shrink fatty tumors in dogs. Two of the most promising are acupuncture and essential oils.
Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese practice that involves stimulating specific points on the body. Research has shown acupuncture can help reduce inflammation and stimulate the immune system (https://www.dogsnaturallymagazine.com/6-herbs-to-get-rid-of-fatty-tumors-in-dogs/). A few studies have found acupuncture may help shrink lipomas in dogs when combined with herbal therapy (https://animalwellnessmagazine.com/natural-remedies-for-lipomas/).
Applying certain essential oils topically may also help reduce fatty tumors. Oils like frankincense, lavender, and lemon oil contain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds. Massaging these oils over the lipoma daily may help shrink its size. However, be sure to dilute essential oils and test them on a small area first to ensure they don’t irritate your dog’s skin.
When to See a Vet
Most lipomas in dogs do not require any treatment. However, veterinary attention is recommended if the lipoma shows signs of rapid growth, begins interfering with your dog’s movement, or appears suspicious for cancer. According to VCA Hospitals, lipomas are best removed surgically when they are still small, as the procedure tends to be less invasive.
WebMD advises taking your dog to the vet promptly if you discover a new lump or notice an existing one growing quickly. Rapid enlargement may indicate the lump is more serious than a simple fatty tumor. Any lipoma that inhibits your dog’s mobility or causes discomfort should also be evaluated and treated.
Toegrips notes that while most lumps in dogs are harmless lipomas, some may represent cancerous tumors. Warning signs include very fast growth, ulcers, bleeding, and discharge. You should seek veterinary care right away if a lump displays any questionable features, so it can be tested and treated appropriately.
