Introduction
Ear infections are one of the most common health issues for dogs. The structure of a dog’s ear canal, with its vertical and horizontal parts, traps moisture and debris inside the ear, creating a breeding ground for bacteria and yeast. This leads to inflammation and infection of the ear canal, known as otitis externa or otitis media.
Symptoms of an ear infection include head shaking, scratching or rubbing at the ears, odor or discharge in the ears, swelling and redness. Left untreated, infections can worsen and be extremely painful for dogs. That’s why it’s critical for dog owners to regularly clean their dog’s ears to remove wax, dirt and debris and prevent infections from developing.
Causes and Symptoms of Ear Infections
Ear infections in dogs are often caused by allergies, yeast, bacteria, and other agents. Some common causes include:
Allergies – Allergies to food, grass, pollen, mold, dust, and other environmental allergens can cause inflammation and itching in the ears. This creates an ideal environment for infection.
Yeast – Yeast overgrowth is a common cause of ear infections in dogs. A type of yeast called Malassezia is frequently involved.
Bacteria – Bacterial infections in the ears, especially from Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Proteus species, can cause ear infections.
Ear Mites – The mite Otodectes cynotis is a common cause of ear infections and irritation, especially in puppies.
Foreign Objects – Grass seeds, dirt, burrs, foxtails, and other foreign matter can get lodged in the ear canal, causing infection and irritation.
Common symptoms of ear infections in dogs include head shaking and scratching at the ears, redness and inflammation in the ear canal, odor and discharge coming from the ears, and crusty buildup in or around the ears. Severe infections may cause pain, swelling, loss of balance, and fever.
Why Clean with Apple Cider Vinegar?
Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is commonly used to clean dogs’ ears due to its acidic and antimicrobial properties. The acidic nature of ACV makes the ear environment inhospitable for bacteria and yeast to thrive. Most ear infections in dogs are caused by an overgrowth of bacteria or yeast, so using ACV can help prevent and treat these infections.
ACV contains acetic acid, which research has shown can kill bacteria and fungi. The acetic acid gives ACV its sour taste and pungent smell. When applied topically, it has antimicrobial effects and can disrupt biofilms – the protective coating that bacteria and fungi form to protect themselves. This antimicrobial activity makes ACV effective at treating and preventing ear infections in dogs.
In addition, the acidic pH of ACV can help restore the natural acidic environment of the ear canal. The ear canal contains yeast and bacteria naturally, but an infection occurs when they rapidly multiply and overwhelm the ear. The acidic pH creates an environment where the “good” bacteria can thrive while keeping the “bad” bacteria and yeast under control. Using ACV can help maintain the proper pH balance in the ears.
How to Clean with Apple Cider Vinegar
Cleaning your dog’s ears with apple cider vinegar is a simple process that you can do at home. Here are the steps:
Mix the Solution
First, mix equal parts apple cider vinegar and water. The acidic nature of the vinegar helps break down debris and residue in the ear canal, while the water dilutes it to a comfortable level for your dog.
Lift the Ear Flap
Sit beside your dog and gently lift up the ear flap to expose the ear canal. Be careful not to touch the inner ear or insert anything inside.
Pour into the Canal
Using an eyedropper or bulb syringe, squirt a small amount of the apple cider vinegar solution into your dog’s ear canal. Tilt your dog’s head gently to allow the liquid to flow down into the canal.
Massage the Ear
Gently massage the base of your dog’s ear with your fingers to help distribute the solution inside the canal. Be very gentle.
It’s important not to overfill the ear canal to avoid irritation. Allow your dog to shake its head naturally to remove excess solution. You can use a cotton ball to gently wipe away any remaining liquid.
Benefits and Risks of Apple Cider Vinegar
Using apple cider vinegar (ACV) to clean your dog’s ears has several potential benefits. The acidic nature of ACV helps eliminate bacteria and prevent infections. ACV can also help break down and remove excess ear wax. However, ACV does come with some risks. The acidity can irritate the sensitive skin in a dog’s ears, especially if used too frequently or without being diluted properly. Always consult your veterinarian before using ACV and monitor your dog closely for signs of irritation or discomfort.
Alternatives to Apple Cider Vineger
While apple cider vinegar is a popular home remedy for cleaning dogs’ ears, there are other gentle cleaning solutions you can try as well. Here are some alternatives:
Saline solution
– Mixing a saline (saltwater) solution is an easy and effective way to clean your dog’s ears. The salt helps keep the ears free of bacteria, yeast and other microbes. To make a saline wash, mix 1 cup of lukewarm water with 1 teaspoon of salt. Use a soft cloth or cotton ball to apply the solution to the outer ear only.
Coconut oil
– Coconut oil has natural antibacterial, antifungal and moisturizing properties. To use it, gently warm up a small amount until liquid. Apply it to a cotton ball and wipe the inside of the outer ear flap. Coconut oil helps loosen debris while soothing inflamed skin. Be sure to use pure, organic coconut oil.
Witch hazel
– The astringent properties in witch hazel help remove excess oil and debris in dog ears. Dilute it with an equal part water or aloe vera gel. Dip a clean cotton ball in the solution and wipe the outer ear gently. Witch hazel has a mild, soothing effect.
Aloe vera gel
– The moisturizing aloe vera plant has powerful antibacterial and antifungal properties. Apply a thin layer inside the ear flap 1-2 times per week. It will help loosen wax and debris while calming inflammation. Be sure to use 100% pure aloe vera gel with no added ingredients.
Discuss these natural alternatives with your vet to see if they could be a good fit for your dog’s ears. Using the proper cleaning solution can help prevent problematic infections.
When to See a Vet
While apple cider vinegar can be an effective home remedy for minor ear infections, it’s important to know when to seek veterinary care. If the infection persists or gets worse after a few days of cleaning with apple cider vinegar, it’s best to make an appointment with your vet.
Signs that your dog may need to see the vet include:
- No improvement in symptoms after 5-7 days of cleaning
- Worsening redness, swelling or odor
- Changes in behavior like increased scratching, head shaking or irritability
- Loss of balance, walking in circles or head tilt
- Discharge that is yellow, brown or bloody
- Crusting around the ears
- Hair loss around the ears
A chronic infection that won’t clear up or a severe infection affecting your dog’s behavior indicates advanced inflammation that requires veterinary attention. The vet can examine your dog’s ears with an otoscope, culture any discharge to identify the type of infection, and provide prescription medication if needed.
It’s also a good idea to take your dog to the vet if an infection develops shortly after swimming or bathing when water may have gotten into the ears. Seek prompt veterinary care for ear infections in puppies, elderly dogs, or dogs with other health conditions.
Preventing Ear Infections
There are a few key things you can do to help prevent ear infections in your dog:
Keep Ears Dry
Moisture in your dog’s ears creates the perfect environment for yeast and bacteria to grow. Be sure to thoroughly dry your dog’s ears after baths, swimming or being out in the rain or snow. Gently wipe the inside of the ear flap with a soft, dry cloth or cotton ball.
Remove Debris
Dirt, wax and other debris trapped in your dog’s ears can cause irritation and infection. Check your dog’s ears regularly and gently wipe away any excess wax or gunk with a cotton ball dampened with ear cleansing solution. Be careful not to insert anything into the ear canal.
Check Regularly
Get into the habit of inspecting your dog’s ears often. Look for redness, foul odors, discharge, crustiness or debris. Catching problems early allows for quicker treatment. Checking ears should be part of your regular grooming routine.
Keeping your dog’s ears clean and dry is key to preventing infection. Check and gently wipe ears regularly, and see a vet if you notice any signs of irritation.
Signs of Ear Infection
Here are some of the most common signs of an ear infection in dogs to look out for:
Redness – The inside of your dog’s ear may appear red and inflamed. This is often one of the first signs of infection as inflammation sets in.
Swelling – There may be swelling of the ear canal and tissue. You may notice puffiness around the ear.
Odor – A foul, yeasty smell from the ears is very common with infections. The smell is often described as yeasty or “cheesy.”
Discharge – You may see a dark brown waxy discharge or even yellow/green pus draining from the ear. This discharge is caused by the inflammation.
Head shaking – Due to irritation and itchiness in the ear canal, dogs will often shake their heads vigorously. Head tilting or scratching at the ears are also common.
If you notice any of these signs, it’s important to see your veterinarian to properly diagnose and treat the ear infection.
Summary
Apple cider vinegar can be an effective home remedy for cleaning your dog’s ears and treating mild ear infections. The acidic nature of ACV helps kill bacteria and fungi that cause infection. Using a 50/50 mixture of ACV and water helps maintain the proper pH balance in your dog’s ears to prevent future infections.
However, ACV should only be used for mild infections. Severe or chronic infections require veterinary attention and prescription medication. Only clean your dog’s ears with ACV if you see signs of a mild infection, such as head shaking, odor, and discharge. Stop use and see your vet if symptoms persist or worsen.
Be cautious using ACV if your dog has open wounds or irritation in the ears. Always dilute with water and rinse thoroughly after use. Monitor for signs of stinging or skin reactions. While ACV can be an affordable home treatment, a vet should examine persistent or worsening ear issues.