Introduction
As the seasons change, some dogs develop mild to severe allergic reactions commonly known as seasonal allergies. The main culprits behind seasonal allergies in dogs are pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds, as well as spores from molds and fungi.
Dogs with seasonal allergies can experience a variety of symptoms including itchy skin, ear infections, sneezing, watery eyes, coughing, and skin irritations. These symptoms are the result of the dog’s immune system overreacting to the various allergens present at certain times of year.
Tree pollen is often the cause of springtime allergies, while grasses tend to trigger symptoms in the summer and fall. Weed pollens can cause reactions in the late summer and fall as well. Mold spores proliferate in hot, humid weather and can lead to allergic reactions in the summer and early fall.
For dog owners, seasonal allergies can be frustrating to manage. The good news is there are many effective home remedies and management strategies to relieve symptoms and keep dogs comfortable during allergy season.
Diagnosing Seasonal Allergies
If you suspect your dog has seasonal allergies, the first step is to take them to the vet for an exam. The vet will look for common signs of allergies like itchy skin, ear infections, hair loss, excessive licking or chewing, and skin irritation. They may also perform allergy testing to identify which allergens your dog is reacting to.
There are a few different allergy tests available:
- Skin testing involves injecting small amounts of common allergens just under your dog’s skin and looking for a reaction.
- Blood tests measure the levels of allergen-specific antibodies in your dog’s blood sample.
- Elimination diet trials involve feeding your dog a restricted diet and monitoring their response. Food allergies are ruled out before reintroducing allergens.
Once the allergens are identified through testing, immunotherapy or allergy shots can be prescribed to gradually desensitize your dog to the irritants. It’s important to properly diagnose the cause before attempting treatment.
Avoiding Allergens
One of the best ways to help reduce your dog’s exposure to seasonal allergens is by keeping them inside as much as possible during peak pollen seasons. Take them on walks in the early morning or late evening when pollen counts tend to be lower. Avoid taking them to grassy fields or areas with many trees and plants.
Wipe your dog’s paws with a damp towel whenever they come inside, to remove any pollen or allergens they may have picked up outdoors. Give your dog regular baths with a gentle, fragrance-free shampoo to wash away allergens from their coat.
Use high-efficiency filters in your home’s HVAC system and vacuum frequently with a HEPA filter to capture allergens inside. Wash your dog’s bedding weekly in hot water to kill dust mites. Keeping your home as allergen-free as possible will provide relief.
Dietary Changes for Dog Seasonal Allergies
Making some dietary changes can help reduce allergy symptoms in dogs. Here are some of the most effective options:
Omega Fatty Acids – Adding omega-3 fatty acids like fish oil to your dog’s diet can help reduce inflammation associated with allergies. Salmon oil and krill oil are excellent sources. Aim for an EPA/DHA ratio around 5:1.
Probiotics – Probiotic supplements support healthy digestion and a robust immune system. Look for broad-spectrum probiotic blends with strains like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus. Give at least 5 billion CFUs daily.
Novel Proteins – Novel protein diets use protein sources your dog hasn’t eaten before, like kangaroo, duck, or venison. This eliminates allergens they may be reacting to in their current food. Gradually transition to the new diet over 5-7 days.
Consult with your vet before making major dietary changes. Track your dog’s symptoms to see which dietary strategies provide the most allergy relief.
Supplements
Certain supplements may help reduce allergy symptoms in dogs. Some of the most commonly recommended options include:
Quercetin
Quercetin is a flavonoid found naturally in certain foods like apples and onions. It has anti-inflammatory and antihistamine properties that may help stabilize cells that release histamine. Typical dosage for dogs is 5-25 mg per pound of body weight per day.
Nettle
Nettle leaf contains histamine-lowering compounds like quercetin. It may help relieve itchy skin, sneezing, and watery eyes caused by allergies. Give dogs 1-2 capsules or use liquid nettle tincture added to food once or twice daily.
Fish Oil
Fish oil is high in omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA which have natural anti-inflammatory effects. Fish oil may help reduce allergy symptoms and relieve itchiness. Give dogs one 1000 mg fish oil capsule per 20 pounds of body weight daily.
Always consult your veterinarian before giving any supplements to ensure proper dosage for your dog.
Antihistamines
Antihistamines can provide fast relief for dogs with seasonal allergies. The most common over-the-counter antihistamines used for dogs include:
- Benadryl (diphenhydramine) – This is usually dosed at 1mg per pound of body weight, given 2-3 times daily. For example, a 25lb dog could be given 25mg 2-3 times per day. Benadryl often causes drowsiness.
- Zyrtec (cetirizine) – A typical dosage is around 0.5mg – 1mg per pound, once daily. For a 50lb dog, a dosage may be 25mg – 50mg given once per day. Zyrtec is less likely to cause drowsiness.
- Claritin (loratadine) – The dosage is typically around 0.25mg per pound, given once or twice daily. For a 40lb dog, a dose may be around 10mg once or twice per day.
It’s important to consult with your veterinarian before giving your dog any medication. Antihistamines dosage will vary based on factors like the specific medication, your dog’s weight, and your vet’s recommendation. Always monitor your dog closely when giving antihistamines or any medication.
Topical Remedies
Topical remedies applied directly to your dog’s skin can provide relief from itching and inflammation caused by seasonal allergies. Some natural options to try:
Coconut Oil
Coconut oil contains lauric acid which has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Gently rub a small amount onto areas your dog is itching. The oil helps moisturize dry skin and soothe irritation.
Aloe Vera
Pure aloe vera gel is very soothing for irritated skin. Look for a product designed for pets. Apply a thin layer onto itchy areas. The cooling gel helps stop the urge to scratch. Aloe is safe if licked but monitor in case of stomach upset.
Oatmeal Baths
An oatmeal bath can help relieve itchy skin. Grind plain oatmeal into a powder and sprinkle into your dog’s bath water. Make sure they soak for 10-15 minutes. Oatmeal has anti-inflammatory properties and helps moisturize dry skin. Rinse thoroughly afterwards.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy, also known as allergy shots or desensitization, can help desensitize your dog to allergens. This involves administering small but increasing amounts of an allergen to your dog over time. The goal is to gradually get the immune system used to the allergen so it doesn’t overreact.
Allergy shots involve injecting a serum containing tiny amounts of the allergen under your dog’s skin. The dosage starts small but increases over time. Shots are usually given about twice weekly to start, then maintained with booster shots every 2-4 weeks. It can take 3-6 months to reach an effective maintenance dose.
Sublingual immunotherapy is an oral alternative, where allergen extracts are administered under the tongue. The allergen extracts come in liquid drops that are placed under the tongue. This is continued daily over the course of many months. Sublingual immunotherapy takes less time to work than allergy shots.
While immunotherapy can take commitment and patience initially, it can provide long-lasting allergy relief for dogs with seasonal or environmental allergies. Consult your vet to discuss whether immunotherapy may be suitable for your pup.
Other Tips
There are a few other tips that can help reduce allergy symptoms for dogs with seasonal allergies.
Regular Cleaning
Frequently vacuuming and washing bedding can help reduce allergens in the home. Focus on areas where your dog spends the most time and be sure to use a HEPA filter vacuum if possible. Wiping your dog down with a damp towel after going outside can help remove pollen from their coat.
Air Filters
Using HEPA air filters can trap allergens and improve air quality in your home. Place them in rooms where your dog spends a lot of time. Make sure to change the filters regularly according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Exercise
Take your dog on walks early in the morning or late in the evening when pollen counts tend to be lower. Avoid areas with high grass or weeds when allergy symptoms are at their worst. Exercising indoors or in low-pollen areas may also help.
When to See a Vet
Although most seasonal allergies can be managed at home, there are times when it’s important to visit your veterinarian for assistance. Some signs that you should bring your dog to the vet as soon as possible include:
- Symptoms persist even after trying home remedies
- Severe reactions like facial swelling or difficulty breathing
- Signs of infection from scratching, like redness, oozing, or a bad odor
- Loss of appetite or dehydration from vomiting or diarrhea
- Lethargy, depression, or other signs of distress
Seasonal allergies left untreated can sometimes lead to secondary infections or other complications. Seeking veterinary care promptly when symptoms are severe allows your vet to provide medications like steroid shots or antibiotics to bring your dog relief and prevent further issues. Don’t hesitate to call or visit your vet if your dog’s allergies seem to be getting worse despite your home remedies.