What are ear mites in dogs?
Ear mites, known scientifically as Otodectes cynotis, are tiny parasitic arachnids that live inside the ear canals of dogs, cats, ferrets, and other animals. They feed on earwax and oils inside the ear canal. Ear mites are highly contagious and dogs most commonly get infected through contact with another infected animal (1).
Dogs with ear mites will shake their heads and scratch their ears attempting to relieve the itching caused by the mites. Other symptoms include:
- Black or brown ear discharge that looks like coffee grounds
- Reddened skin inside the ear flap
- Crusty buildup inside or around the outer ear
- Hair loss around the ears
- Head tilting or abnormal carriage of the head
- Scratch marks and skin abrasions around the ears and head
If left untreated, ear mites can lead to more serious infections. It’s important to get veterinary care and treat ear mites promptly (2).
(1) https://www.brekkevet.com/blog/how-do-i-know-if-my-dog-has-ear-mites.html
(2) https://nexgard.com.au/dog-parasites/mites
Dangers and risks of ear mites
Ear mites can cause significant discomfort and health risks in dogs if left untreated. Some of the main dangers and risks of ear mite infestations include:
Pain and discomfort – The mites themselves as well as the debris and wax they produce can irritate the sensitive skin of the ear canal. This leads to itchiness and pain. Dogs will shake their heads and scratch their ears in an attempt to relieve the irritation.
Infection – The mites’ activity and waste products can cause infection of the ear canal. Bacteria and yeast often take advantage of the weakened skin barrier. Infections cause redness, swelling, odor, and additional pain (Source 1).
Hearing loss – If left untreated, the inflammation and infection can move deeper into the ear and damage the ear drum or inner ear. This may lead to partial or total deafness (Source 2).
Treatment options for ear mites
There are several treatment options for getting rid of ear mites in dogs:
Medicated ear drops like Tresaderm, Acarexx or Mitaban are often prescribed by veterinarians to kill the mites. These are applied directly inside the ear canal every day for 1-2 weeks. They contain ingredients like pyrethrins, pyrethroids or amitraz which are safe and effective at killing mites [1].
Oral medications like Nexgard, Bravecto or Simparica containing substances like afoxolaner, fluralaner or sarolaner can kill ear mites with a single dose. These are given once a month and travel through the bloodstream to the ears [2].
Gentle ear cleaners can help remove debris and wax buildup. Saline, mineral oil or almond oil help soften and loosen waxy deposits so they can be gently wiped away. Hydrogen peroxide or alcohol should be avoided as they can damage tissues [3].
Can peroxide be used for ear mites?
Peroxide is sometimes used as a home remedy to kill ear mites in dogs. This is because peroxide can help break down wax and debris 1. However, veterinarians generally advise against using peroxide to treat ear mites. While peroxide may kill some of the mites, it can also seriously irritate and damage the delicate tissues of a dog’s ears2.
Peroxide bubbles and fizzes as it destroys bacteria, fungi, and parasites. But this strong oxidative action can burn and inflame the sensitive skin inside a dog’s ear canal. Using peroxide too frequently or in too high of a concentration can cause pain, swelling, and scabs. It may even induce hearing loss by damaging the eardrum. Mild cleansers or prescription medications specifically for ear mites are safer options.
In summary, while peroxide may temporarily relieve ear mite symptoms by killing some mites, veterinarians caution against using it. The risks of irritation and damage to the ears outweigh any benefits. There are better treatment options available that will more effectively and safely eliminate an ear mite infection.
1 https://bettervet.com/resources/pet-health-care/can-you-clean-your-dogs-ears-with-peroxide
2 https://www.forbes.com/advisor/pet-insurance/pet-care/ear-mites-in-dogs/
Dos and Don’ts of Using Peroxide
If you do decide to use peroxide to treat your dog’s ear mites, there are some important dos and don’ts to keep in mind:
- Always heavily dilute the peroxide. A 3% hydrogen peroxide solution mixed with equal parts water is recommended.
- Avoid pouring the peroxide directly into your dog’s ear canal. Instead, apply it to a cotton ball and gently wipe the inside of your dog’s ears.
- Limit peroxide treatments to no more than once a week at most. Frequent or prolonged use can lead to irritation and inflammation.
- Never use full strength peroxide in your dog’s ears. The high concentration can damage tissues.
- Do not continue to use peroxide if your dog shows signs of discomfort like head shaking or scratching at their ears.
While peroxide can help remove debris, dead skin cells, and even mites from your dog’s ears, overuse can do more harm than good. It’s best to use more dog-friendly ear cleaners or seek vet care for serious infestations.
Better alternatives to peroxide
Although hydrogen peroxide may seem like an easy home remedy, there are safer and more effective alternatives for treating ear mites in dogs.
Many veterinarians recommend commercial ear cleaners that are specially formulated to combat ear mites. These products, such as Vetoquinol Ear Cleansing Solution and Virbac Epi-Otic Advanced Ear Cleaner, contain anti-parasitic, antifungal, and antibacterial agents to kill mites and prevent secondary infections (source).
Mineral oil is another gentle yet effective home remedy. Putting a few drops of mineral oil in your dog’s ears can help smother ear mites. The oil also prevents the growth of yeast and bacteria. To use, apply 5-10 drops of mineral oil and massage the base of the ear canal (source).
Saline solution is a mild and soothing way to clean debris and wax buildup caused by ear mites. Mix one part white vinegar with one part warm water and flush the ear canal with this solution. Be sure to use cotton balls and avoid going too deep into the ear (source).
Always monitor your dog closely when using any treatment. Consult your vet if symptoms persist or worsen.
When to see a vet
Most minor cases of ear mites can be treated at home under the guidance of a veterinarian. However, more severe infestations or complications require a vet visit. You should bring your dog into the veterinarian if they experience severe infection, lasting head shaking, or hearing loss.
Signs of a serious infection include pus or blood discharge, a very unpleasant odor, and extreme redness or swelling of the ear canal. Your dog may cry or whine when their ears are touched due to significant pain and irritation. Severe infections can spread and cause more extensive damage.
Persistent head shaking or tilting likely indicates a worsening irritation and inflammation of the ear canal that should be addressed promptly. Any signs of impaired hearing, such as failure to respond to sounds or commands, could signify an ear mite infestation or infection has advanced deeper into the ear.
Allowing advanced cases of ear mites to go untreated heightens the risks of permanent injuries. It is important to have your veterinarian thoroughly examine your dog’s ears and determine the proper course of treatment if the condition seems to be worsening or unresponsive to home care. Prompt treatment from a vet can help prevent lasting damage.
Preventing ear mites
There are a few ways to help prevent your dog from getting ear mites:
Keep your dog’s ears clean and dry. Gently wipe out your dog’s ears weekly with a cotton ball dipped in a solution of equal parts vinegar and water. This helps remove debris and moisture where mites like to breed.[1]
Check your dog’s ears regularly for any signs of irritation or dark coffee-ground looking debris, which could indicate an ear mite infestation. Catching an infestation early makes treatment easier.
Avoid contact with other dogs that may be infected with ear mites. Keep your dog away from infected animals until you know they have been successfully treated.[2]
Wash your dog’s bedding regularly in hot water and dry on a hot cycle to kill any ear mites or eggs hiding out.[3]
Using a monthly flea/tick preventative like Nexgard can also help repel ear mites.[1]
With vigilance and proper hygiene, you can help protect your dog against these pesky parasites.
[1] https://nexgard.com.au/dog-parasites/mites
[2] https://wagwalking.com/wellness/how-to-prevent-your-dog-from-getting-ear-mites
[3] https://www.brekkevet.com/blog/how-do-i-know-if-my-dog-has-ear-mites.html
Ear Mite Facts and Statistics
Ear mites are a common parasite that affect dogs, especially puppies. According to research, the prevalence of ear mites in puppies can be as high as 25-37% (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3385556/). Puppies under 1 year old are most susceptible as their immune systems are still developing.
While ear mites prefer to live in the ear canals of dogs, they can also infest cats. One study found that up to 22% of cats with signs of ear infections tested positive for ear mites (https://www.scielo.br/j/pvb/a/JLGnJMjHWR63fRYspCmFcwF/?format=pdf). Ear mites spread easily between dogs and cats that live in close contact.
Some key facts about ear mites:
- Highly contagious parasite
- Passed through close contact between pets
- Puppies and kittens most susceptible
- Can lead to bacterial and yeast infections
- Cause intense itchiness and discomfort
The bottom line on peroxide for ear mites
While hydrogen peroxide can be effective at killing ear mites in dogs, it does carry risks and there are safer treatment options available according to PetMD. Using peroxide in a dog’s ears can cause irritation, inflammation and damage. There are specially formulated commercial ear cleaners that are safer and more effective.
Some veterinarians may recommend diluted hydrogen peroxide for treating ear mites, but it should be used under guidance and supervision. Improper use of peroxide can make the infection worse. It’s best to consult your vet before using peroxide in your dog’s ears.
The bottom line is hydrogen peroxide can kill ear mites in dogs, but carries risks. There are safer, more effective treatment options available. Check with your vet before using peroxide. While it may work, the risks likely outweigh the benefits when other alternatives are available.