Introduction
Autism, also known as canine dysfunctional behavior, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts a dog’s communication skills and behavior. It causes dogs to exhibit repetitive behaviors, difficulties with social interaction, sensory sensitivity, and issues with communication. While autism is more commonly diagnosed in children, it can also impact dogs.
Autism seems to affect all breeds of dogs, but some breeds have a higher prevalence. According to research, certain breeds like Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, Poodles and Boxers are more likely to be diagnosed with autism. Understanding which breeds are most susceptible can help dog owners be more aware of early symptoms and seek intervention when needed.
Canine autism is important to understand because early diagnosis and training can greatly improve a dog’s quality of life. Dogs with autism may struggle with training, socialization, anxiety and fear. But tailored treatment plans can enable them to thrive within a supportive home environment.
What is Canine Autism?
Canine autism, also known as canine dysfunctional behavior, refers to symptoms in dogs that are similar to autism spectrum disorder in humans (Petcheckurgentcare.com). It is characterized by difficulties with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors.
Some common symptoms of canine autism include:
- Repetitive behaviors like tail chasing, circling, obsessive licking, or staring at walls/objects
- Sensitivity to sounds, textures, or other sensory input
- Difficulty relating to other pets or people
- Lack of eye contact or response to social cues
- Aggressive, anxious, or impulsive behaviors
These symptoms are similar to autism in humans, though dogs do not receive an official autism diagnosis. There are also key differences – for example, language deficits are a core symptom in human autism, while dogs do not communicate verbally (Barkio.com).
However, both canine autism and human autism involve developmental and social communication challenges that can significantly impact day-to-day life and relationships.
Most Affected Breeds
Certain dog breeds appear to be more susceptible to canine autism compared to others. According to research, the top 5 breeds most likely to have autism are:
1. Labrador Retrievers – This popular breed is intelligent, friendly, and loyal. Their tendency to focus and repetitive behaviors may contribute to higher autism rates. Source
2. German Shepherds – Known for their trainability and protectiveness, German Shepherds can develop obsessive tendencies. Genetics may also play a role in their autism prevalence. Source
3. Golden Retrievers – This affectionate breed bonds strongly with families. However, their genetic lineage makes them prone to certain neurological conditions. Source
4. Poodles – Highly intelligent and energetic, Poodles often exhibit repetitive behaviors. Their genetics likely contribute to autism susceptibility.
5. Boxers – Known for being active, playful and loyal, Boxers may develop obsessive traits similar to autism symptoms.
The reasons for higher prevalence among these breeds are not fully known. Possible factors include genetics, breeding practices, and inherent breed traits or behaviors. More research is needed on the underlying causes of canine autism in different breeds.
Labrador Retrievers
Labrador Retrievers are one of the dog breeds most commonly affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD). According to one study, Labrador Retrievers had the highest prevalence of canine ASD at 1.07% (https://petcheckurgentcare.com/signs-of-autism-in-dogs/). There are a few reasons why Labrador Retrievers seem particularly susceptible to developing autistic behaviors.
One factor is genetics. Research has identified certain genetic markers that are associated with ASD in Labradors. These dogs may inherit a predisposition that makes them more likely to exhibit autistic symptoms when triggered by environmental factors (https://animalsmatter.com/blogs/news/can-dogs-have-autism-signs-and-symptoms-of-an-autistic-dog).
Labrador Retrievers are also known for having obsessive tendencies as part of their breed traits. They can become fixated on objects, activities or routines. This obsessive nature may contribute to repetitive behaviors if not properly managed. Their energetic temperament may also cause them to be more prone to sensory-seeking behaviors like spinning or chasing tails.
Common symptoms of ASD seen in Labrador Retrievers include repetitive motor behaviors like tail chasing, obsessive licking, circling or pacing. They may also show excessive reactivity to sounds, avoidance of eye contact, or anxiety in social settings (https://www.countryliving.com/uk/wildlife/dog-breeds/a39610570/dog-breeds-help-autistic-children/). With proper training and management, Labrador Retrievers with ASD can still make wonderful pets and service dogs.
German Shepherds
German Shepherds are one of the dog breeds most susceptible to canine autism and dysfunctional behaviors. According to research, German Shepherds have a higher prevalence of autism and related disorders compared to other breeds (https://petcheckurgentcare.com/signs-of-autism-in-dogs/).
There are a few reasons why German Shepherds seem more prone to autism spectrum disorders. First, they are known to have obsessive tendencies and be prone to separation anxiety, which can manifest in repetitive or ritualistic behaviors characteristic of autism (https://www.rover.com/blog/can-dogs-have-autism/). Second, they are working dogs bred for focused tasks, so behavioral issues may be more likely. Finally, their popularity has led to some irresponsible breeding that results in neurological issues.
Common symptoms of autism seen in German Shepherds include intense fixation on objects or routines, lack of response to social cues, sensitivity to sounds and touch, and extreme distress when routines are changed. They may compulsively chase their own tails or shadows for hours. Without proper training and support, these behaviors can worsen over time.
Golden Retrievers
Golden retrievers are one of the dog breeds most susceptible to autism (Source). Some studies have estimated that up to 1 in 4 golden retrievers may be affected by autism or exhibit autistic-like tendencies (Source). This high prevalence may be due to golden retrievers’ friendly and sensitive natures.
Experts believe golden retrievers are predisposed to autism because they have been intensively bred, leading to a lack of genetic diversity. Inbreeding within the breed may have led to an accumulation of autism-related genes (Source).
Common symptoms of autism seen in golden retrievers include repetitive behaviors like circling, licking themselves excessively, sensitivity to noise and touch, anxiety around strangers, and difficulty making eye contact (Source). They may also have trouble socializing with other dogs. Getting an official diagnosis can help owners better understand and accommodate their dog’s needs.
Poodles
Poodles are one of the breeds most commonly affected by canine autism, according to the Autism Research Institute. Researchers estimate that 1 in 4,500 poodles may be impacted. The reasons for their increased susceptibility are not entirely clear, but some experts suggest their highly trainable nature and sensitivity could play a role. Poodles were originally bred as water retrievers and their exceptional intelligence made them easier to train than other breeds.
Common symptoms of autism seen in poodles include repetitive behaviors like spinning in circles, barking excessively, aggression, fearfulness of loud noises, resistance to change in routine, and lack of socialization or interest in other dogs. Poodles with autism may also exhibit cognitive delays, impaired motor function, difficulties with training, and sensory issues. According to one source, “watch for repetitive behaviors, aggression, fear of the unknown, reacting negatively to routine changes, lack of interest in bonding with family members, and not alerting family members to obvious stimuli in their surroundings.”
Early intervention is key for poodles exhibiting signs of autism. A customized training program, medications, dietary changes, and supplements may help manage symptoms. Working closely with a veterinary behaviorist is recommended. With proper treatment and ongoing support, many poodles with autism can still enjoy a good quality of life.
Boxers
Boxers are one of the dog breeds most susceptible to canine autism. According to one study, Boxers had the highest prevalence of canine autism among popular dog breeds, with rates estimated between 6-7% (source).
There are a few reasons why Boxers seem prone to developing autism. Boxers are known for exhibiting repetitive behaviors like tail chasing, circling, and flapping their paws when excited (source). Many experts believe these breed tendencies contribute to higher rates of autism. Additionally, selective breeding for desired traits like strong prey drive may inadvertently increase susceptibility.
Common symptoms of autism in Boxers include obsessive staring, lack of impulse control, sensitivity to touch and sound, and difficulty socializing with other pets. Affected dogs may also show signs of separation anxiety when left alone. Symptoms typically emerge between 6 months to 3 years as pups grow out of the puppy stage.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosing autism in dogs can be challenging since there are no official tests or criteria. According to pet experts, the diagnostic process typically involves having a veterinary behaviorist conduct a series of behavioral assessments of the dog. They will evaluate the dog’s interactions and look for symptoms like repetitive behaviors, lack of social skills, sensitivity to noise or touch, and non-responsiveness. The veterinarian will also rule out any potential medical causes for the symptoms. Unlike autism in humans, there are no brain scans or genetic tests available for dogs. The diagnosis is made based on observable behavior patterns.
While there is no cure for canine autism, various treatments and therapies may help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Common interventions include behavior modification therapy, environmental enrichment, desensitization training for sensitivities, socialization classes, and prescription medications for anxiety. According to one source, “The earlier the unusual behaviors are identified and addressed, the better the long-term prognosis for an autistic dog.”
With professional support and proper care, dogs with autism can often live happy and fulfilling lives. Patience and compassion from pet owners is key, along with finding creative ways to engage the autistic dog and build communication using their unique abilities and interests.
Prevention and Support
While there is no definitive way to prevent autism in dogs, there are some tips that may help reduce the risk:
- Feed a nutritious diet during pregnancy and lactation – Nutrient deficiencies may play a role in autism (Source)
- Avoid exposing pregnant and nursing dogs to toxins like pesticides (Source)
- Socialize puppies appropriately – Poor socialization is a risk factor
- Avoid breeding dogs with nervous or anxious temperaments
If you have a dog exhibiting autism symptoms, here are some tips to help support them:
- Stick to a predictable routine (Source)
- Create a safe space they can retreat to when overwhelmed
- Use desensitization and positive reinforcement training for anxiety triggers
- Consider anti-anxiety medication if recommended by your vet
- Provide interactive toys and use food puzzles for mental stimulation
Reach out to your vet for referrals to veterinary behaviorists, certified dog trainers, or support groups. Raising an autistic dog can be challenging, but support is available.