Introduction
Anxiety disorders and other behavioral problems are increasingly common in dogs. According to a 2022 survey conducted by Green Element CBD, 57.41% of dogs now display anxious behaviors in response to loud noises, a significant increase from 2020. Research has shown that 72.5% of dogs experience anxiety-like behaviors. Sources of anxiety for dogs include separation from owners, confinement, loud noises, unfamiliar animals or people, veterinary visits, and more.
Living with an anxious dog can be challenging for owners. Anxious behaviors like barking, chewing, trembling, and elimination inside can create frustrations. More importantly, anxiety compromises a dog’s quality of life and may lead to other behavioral issues if left untreated.
Fortunately, various techniques and tools exist to help calm anxious dogs. Using desensitization, counterconditioning, and positive reinforcement training can help dogs overcome their fears and anxieties. Providing enrichment through exercise, toys, relaxation, and routines gives anxious dogs an outlet for their stress. Natural supplements and pheromones may reduce anxiety symptoms. In severe cases, prescription anti-anxiety or sedating medications may be warranted under a veterinarian’s supervision.
This article explores effective strategies and tools for calming anxious dogs, improving their quality of life, and supporting the human-animal bond.
Exercise
Physical activity is one of the most effective ways to help relieve anxiety in dogs. Exercise helps burn off excess energy and provides mental stimulation, both of which can help calm an anxious dog. A study by the University of Portsmouth found that physical activity significantly reduced stress behaviors in dogs with noise phobias (source). Taking dogs for regular walks, hikes, or runs can help lower anxiety levels. Physical exercise also releases endorphins, which are natural feel-good chemicals that promote relaxation. Interactive games like fetch or tug-of-war are great activities for anxious dogs, as they allow the dog to burn off energy in a structured way. Swimming is another excellent exercise for dogs, as it combines physical activity with the calming sensation of water. Creating a consistent routine with regular exercise is one of the most helpful things owners can do for anxious dogs.
Massage
Massage is a great way to have a calming effect on dogs. The touch involved in massage releases oxytocin, endorphins, and other calming hormones that reduce stress and anxiety.[1] There are different massage techniques that can relax a dog.
One calming massage technique is an all-over body rub. Using gentle strokes over the dog’s body and limbs relaxes tense muscles and has a soothing effect.[2] Massaging areas like the neck, shoulders, and hips where dogs commonly hold tension can be especially calming.
Targeted massage on areas of pain or discomfort is also relaxing for dogs. Gently massaging arthritic joints, sore muscles, or problem areas on the hips and legs releases tension in those areas and brings relief.[3]
In addition to the physical effects, the one-on-one attention of massage strengthens the human-animal bond. The oxytocin released from touch promotes attachment and trust.
Overall, massage therapy provides a positive, calming experience for dogs through relief of muscle tension, pain alleviation, and bonding.
[1] https://www.petmd.com/dog/pet-lover/4-simple-dog-massage-therapy-techniques
[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyMmzqfZHCE
[3] https://topdogtips.com/how-to-give-a-dog-massage/
Training
One of the most effective ways to calm an anxious dog is through training. Reinforcing basic obedience commands like sit, stay, and come teaches the dog to focus on you instead of reacting to stressors. Training helps build confidence in the dog by providing mental stimulation and a sense of purpose. It’s important to use positive reinforcement techniques and keep training sessions short, fun, and rewarding for an anxious dog. Praise and treats should follow commands to reinforce the desired behaviors. With regular, patient training an anxious dog can learn to handle stressful situations better. Consistency is key – the more a dog practices commands, the more likely they are to respond correctly when anxious. As their training progresses, dogs become more focused, responsive, and confident.
According to dog training experts at Mariah Hinds Dog Training, “Reinforcing commands builds confidence in anxious dogs and gives them something constructive to focus on instead of reacting to stressors.”1 With the right approach, training can have a profoundly calming effect by teaching anxious dogs coping skills.
Toys
Chewing is natural behavior for dogs that can have a calming effect. Chew toys provide a positive outlet for this instinct and keep dogs occupied and entertained. The right chew toys give dogs an appropriate thing to chomp on rather than furniture or shoes. The action of chewing releases feel-good endorphins that produce a calming effect for anxious pups. Distraction toys also serve this purpose by engaging a dog’s interest and diverting his focus from stressful triggers.
Some examples of calming chew toys include Kong toys stuffed with frozen peanut butter or low-fat cream cheese, Nylabone dental chews, and any sturdy rubber chew toys. Puzzles toys that hold treats are another option to occupy and distract dogs. Options include puzzle bowls, treat balls, and interactive toys. Rotating different toys keeps dogs interested in the variety.
According to PetMD, studies show that providing dogs with enrichment through toys reduces stress behaviors and barking by up to 30%. The experts at Chewy recommend toys like Snuggle Puppy and smart treat toys for anxious dogs. These provide comfort through a heartbeat sound and mental stimulation.
Pheromones
Synthetic pheromones have a calming effect on many dogs. Pheromones are chemicals that trigger instinctual responses in animals. There are pheromone diffusers, sprays, and collars that release dog appeasing pheromones, which mimic the pheromones produced by mother dogs to calm their puppies. These pheromones signal safety and contentment to dogs. Studies show dog appeasing pheromones can help reduce anxiety and stress behaviors in dogs by up to 90%. Some signs of improved calmness include less barking, whimpering, pacing and panting. Pheromone products often work best alongside other calming techniques like exercise and training. There are many pheromone diffusers and sprays available for purchase online, such as Adaptil and Comfort Zone.
Sources:
https://www.rover.com/blog/dog-calming-pheromones-do-they-really-work/
https://www.amazon.com/Dog-Calming-Pheromone-Diffuser-Anti-Anxiety/dp/B0CK3P6S74
Medication
Prescription anti-anxiety medication can help dogs who suffer from anxiety, fears, and phobias. According to the Whole Dog Journal, common prescription medications used for dog anxiety include fluoxetine, clomipramine, amitriptyline, buspirone, gabapentin, and benzodiazepines like alprazolam or clonazepam. These medications alter brain chemicals like serotonin to have a calming effect on dogs (Source). The type of medication depends on the specific anxiety trigger. For example, fluoxetine is often used for separation anxiety while clomipramine may help dogs with noise phobias. It’s important to work with a vet to find the right medication and dosage for your dog’s needs.
Prescription anti-anxiety meds for dogs can have side effects like lethargy, increased appetite, and restlessness. It often takes 4-6 weeks for the medication to reach full effect. Medication works best paired with behavior modification training. Your vet should monitor your dog closely on new medication and adjust dosage as needed. Never give your dog human anti-anxiety medication or discontinue medication without a vet’s guidance.
Supplements
Certain natural supplements can have a calming effect and help reduce anxiety in dogs. Some supplements commonly used for this purpose include:
Alpha-Casozepine – Derived from a protein in milk, this supplement mimics the calming pheromone produced by a nursing mother. It can help relax anxious or stressed dogs.
Melatonin – This naturally occurring hormone regulates sleep cycles. As a supplement, it can help anxious dogs relax and get better rest.
L-Theanine – An amino acid found in green tea, L-theanine has a calming effect without causing drowsiness. It may help reduce excitement and tension in anxious dogs.
Other anti-anxiety supplements for dogs include chamomile, valerian root, ginger root, and compounds that increase serotonin levels like tryptophan. Always consult your veterinarian before giving any new supplement to your dog.
Routine
Having a consistent daily schedule provides stability and comfort for dogs at all life stages. Puppies benefit from regular routines for house training, socialization, exercise and more as they adjust to their new environment. Adult and senior dogs also thrive on predictable routines that provide mental stimulation and a sense of security. According to the AKC, routines help dogs understand what to expect on a daily basis and reduce anxiety. They recommend establishing set times for feeding, potty breaks, playtime, training, walks and other activities (AKC). The consistency of a routine makes dogs feel safe and secure. It also aids in teaching good behavior, preventing separation anxiety and setting household rules. Allowing too much unstructured time can lead to problem behaviors in dogs out of boredom. Therefore, a daily routine with consistency is calming and beneficial for a dog’s overall well-being.
Conclusion
To summarize, the most effective methods for calming anxious dogs are exercise, massage, training, toys, pheromones, medication, supplements, and maintaining a consistent routine. Exercise allows dogs to burn off excess energy and reduces stress. Massage releases calming endorphins and oxytocin. Training builds confidence and gives dogs mental stimulation. Toys provide distraction and comfort. Pheromones have natural calming effects. Medication can help in severe cases of anxiety. Supplements like CBD oil may ease anxiety. Sticking to a routine offers consistency and predictability which is reassuring for anxious dogs. Using a combination of these techniques can help create a calm environment and lifestyle for an anxious dog.