Dangers of Giving Human Medication to Dogs
It can be tempting to reach for the human pain relief medicine to give your dog, but this can be extremely dangerous. Dogs process medications very differently than humans, so dosages that are safe for humans can easily be toxic for dogs.
All medications, including OTC pain relievers, must be given in the dosage carefully calculated based on your dog’s weight, breed, and age. Dosing charts on human medications do not apply to dogs.
Giving a dog the wrong dose of a human medication can cause overdose, resulting in severe complications or even death. Common symptoms of overdose include vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, disorientation, low heart rate, low blood pressure, tremors, difficulty breathing, and coma.
Even if given in the right dose for your dog’s weight, human NSAID pain relievers like ibuprofen and naproxen are highly toxic to dogs and cats and should never be used. These drugs can cause serious stomach and intestinal ulcers and kidney damage in pets.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is also extremely dangerous for dogs, with a very narrow safe dosage window. Just two extra-strength tablets can be fatal to a 10 pound dog. Acetaminophen poisoning causes liver failure and damage to red blood cells.
Some human OTC cold medicines and cough suppressants containing pseudoephedrine, dextromethorphan, and guaifenesin can also be harmful to dogs. Side effects may include agitation, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, seizures, and heart rhythm abnormalities.
Always talk to your veterinarian before giving any human medication to your dog. Many OTC meds for people should never be used in pets. It’s important to understand the risks and get proper dosing instructions tailored to your dog.
OTC Pain Relievers to Avoid
Some common over-the-counter medications that are safe for humans can be toxic to dogs. Here are 4 popular OTC pain relievers that should be avoided when treating your dog’s pain:
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) should never be given to dogs. It can be extremely toxic even in small doses. Ibuprofen poisoning can cause stomach ulcers, kidney failure, and even death in dogs.
Naproxen
Naproxen (Aleve) should not be used in dogs. It can lead to severe gastrointestinal issues like vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding. High doses can also cause liver and kidney damage.
Aspirin
Aspirin should only be given to dogs under the guidance of a veterinarian, as improper dosing can be dangerous. Aspirin toxicity can result in vomiting, diarrhea, breathing issues, and liver disease. Low-dose aspirin is sometimes prescribed short-term, but long-term use requires regular blood testing.
Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) should never be given to dogs even in small amounts. It can cause severe liver damage and even liver failure. Early signs of acetaminophen toxicity include vomiting, lethargy, and loss of appetite.
OTC Pain Relievers Veterinarians Recommend
While human pain medications can be dangerous for dogs, there are some over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers made just for canines that veterinarians recommend. These dog-safe OTC medications can provide relief when used appropriately under a vet’s guidance. Some OTC options vets may suggest include:
Carprofen – This non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is the generic form of Rimadyl. It reduces inflammation and pain in dogs. It comes in caplet, tablet, or chewable form. Side effects can include vomiting, diarrhea, and liver or kidney damage.
Meloxicam – Also an NSAID, this medication blocks inflammatory COX-2 enzymes. The brand name is Metacam. It’s available as an oral suspension, tablets, or injectable formula. Meloxicam should not be given if there is pre-existing kidney disease.
Tramadol – Tramadol is an opioid pain reliever. It works on the central nervous system to block pain signals. Common brand names are Ultram and Ryzolt. When used responsibly, tramadol provides fairly safe and effective pain relief for dogs. However, it can cause sedation and vomiting.
Gabapentin – Used for chronic pain conditions, gabapentin modifies pain signals between nerves. It is available under the brand name Neurontin. Side effects are usually mild but can include wobbliness and lethargy. Gabapentin requires careful dosage adjustment for dogs.
These OTC medications for dogs should only be given under the guidance of a veterinarian. Never administer OTC human pain relievers like ibuprofen, aspirin, or acetaminophen to pets. Be sure to closely follow all dosing directions from your vet. Monitor your dog for any side effects. Contact your vet if pain persists or new symptoms develop. Responsible use of these medications provides safe, effective pain relief for canine companions.
Using OTC Medications Safely
While human medications can sometimes be used to treat pain in dogs, it’s extremely important to use them safely under the guidance of a veterinarian. Here are some tips for using over-the-counter pain medications safely for dogs:
Always speak with your veterinarian before giving any human medication to your dog. Your vet will be able to advise you on the appropriate medication, dosage, and administration based on your dog’s size, health status, and symptoms.
Carefully follow the dosage guidelines provided by your vet. Never exceed the recommended dose, as overdosing can cause severe, even fatal, side effects in dogs. Some human pain relievers like ibuprofen and naproxen are especially toxic to dogs.
Monitor your dog closely for side effects after administering any medication. Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, restlessness, and lethargy. If you notice any concerning symptoms, stop giving the medication and call your vet right away.
By working closely with your veterinarian and following dosage instructions carefully, human pain relievers can be used to safely provide some relief for a dog in pain. However, natural options or prescription dog-specific pain medication are often safer alternatives.
Natural Pain Relief Options
In addition to OTC medications, there are some natural options that may help relieve your dog’s pain. Always check with your vet before starting any new supplements.
Glucosamine
Glucosamine is a nutritional supplement made from shellfish that supports joint health. It helps rebuild cartilage and may reduce inflammation and pain. Glucosamine often takes 4-6 weeks to start working. It’s generally safe for dogs but some may experience mild diarrhea. Consult your vet on an appropriate dose for your dog’s size and condition.
Fish Oil
Fish oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids that help reduce inflammation. This can help relieve pain from arthritis and other joint issues. Fish oil can be given daily with food. Use a dog-specific supplement and follow label dosing instructions. Too much fish oil may cause loose stools.
Turmeric
Turmeric contains the compound curcumin which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It may help relieve pain from arthritis, injuries, or recovery from surgery. Turmeric should not be given in large amounts long-term due to possible stomach upset. Follow suggested dosing on the product label.
CBD Oil
CBD or cannabidiol oil may help reduce anxiety, inflammation, and pain perception in dogs. Always use a pet-formulated product as human CBD oil can contain THC. Research on proper CBD dosing in dogs is limited. Start with a low dose and monitor your dog’s reaction. Discuss using CBD oil with your vet first.
Lifestyle Changes for Dog Pain
Making some lifestyle changes can help reduce your dog’s pain and improve their comfort and mobility. Some things to try:
Weight Management
Helping your dog maintain a healthy weight takes stress off their joints and reduces pain. Consult your vet on an ideal weight for your dog’s breed, age, and activity level. Gradual weight loss through portion control and increased exercise is best.
Regular Low-Impact Exercise
Low-impact aerobic exercise like walking, swimming, or slow jogging can help strengthen muscles, improve joint flexibility, and decrease pain. Start slow and short, then gradually increase duration and intensity. Monitor for signs of soreness or lameness.
Massage
Gentle massage increases blood flow and relaxes muscles. Focus on areas of tension or soreness for 5-10 minutes daily. Avoid directly massaging inflamed or tender joints. Ask your vet or physiotherapist for guidance on safe techniques.
Acupuncture
Acupuncture performed by a licensed veterinary acupuncturist may stimulate natural pain relief. Treatment involves inserting thin needles into specific body points. It is considered low risk when properly administered.
Physical Therapy
Canine physical therapy improves joint mobility, builds muscle, and reduces pain. A certified canine physiotherapist can create an individualized program with exercises, stretching, massage, and other modalities tailored to your dog.
When to See the Vet
Even if you are treating your dog’s pain with over-the-counter medications or natural remedies, it’s important to take your dog to the vet if the pain persists or gets worse. Here are some signs that it’s time for a vet visit:
Persistent Pain: If your dog is still in obvious discomfort even after several days of treatment with OTC pain medication, it’s time to make a vet appointment. Persistent pain could indicate an underlying condition that requires prescription medication or further treatment.
Dramatic Change in Behavior: If your normally energetic puppy is suddenly lethargic and disinterested in walks or play, this behavior change combined with signs of pain could signal a vet visit is needed. Changes in appetite or bathroom habits along with pain can also indicate a more serious issue.
Not Improving with OTC Meds: If over-the-counter pain relievers don’t seem to be helping your dog feel better, it’s important to have your vet examine your dog. The vet can advise if a change in medication, dosage or treatment is needed.
It’s always better to be safe than sorry when it comes to your dog’s health. Trust your instincts – you know your pup best. If your dog seems like he or she isn’t feeling well, take your dog to the vet even if you’ve been treating with OTC or natural pain remedies. The vet can provide an expert opinion and recommend any additional treatments needed to keep your dog happy and healthy.
Common Causes of Pain in Dogs
Dogs can experience pain for a variety of reasons. Some of the most common causes of pain in dogs include:
Arthritis
Arthritis is inflammation of the joints that causes stiffness and pain. It often develops as dogs age, but can also affect younger dogs. Arthritis most commonly affects the hips and knees. Signs of arthritis include limping, difficulty standing up or lying down, decreased activity, and personality changes.
Injuries
Injuries such as sprains, strains, bone fractures, and wounds can be very painful for dogs. Signs of an injury include limping, crying out when touched, swelling, and licking a specific area. Injuries often require veterinary treatment to properly heal.
Dental Issues
Dental problems like gum disease, infections, and broken teeth are common in dogs. They can make it painful for dogs to eat. Signs include bad breath, drooling, dropping food, and facial swelling. Dental issues should be treated by a vet to relieve pain.
Cancer
Cancer is a leading cause of death and pain in older dogs. Bone cancer and mammary gland tumors are especially painful. Signs of pain from cancer include decreased activity, trouble eating, weight loss, and behavior changes. Cancer requires diagnosis and treatment from a veterinarian.
Signs Your Dog is in Pain
If your dog is experiencing pain, they may exhibit some of the following signs:
Limping – Dogs that are limping or holding up a paw likely have pain in their legs, paws, or joints. Look for limping or abnormal movement patterns when walking.
Whining – Your dog may whine, cry, or yelp when in pain. Listen for unusual vocalizations, especially when touched in a specific area.
Restlessness – A dog in pain may seem restless, have difficulty settling in, and change positions frequently trying to get comfortable.
Aggression – Your normally friendly dog may snap or growl when touched if they are hurting. Pain can cause aggression even in the most gentle dogs.
Lethargy – Some dogs exhibit lethargy or lack of interest in normal activities when in pain. Look for sleeping more than usual or reluctance to play or go for walks.
Providing Comfort for a Dog in Pain
If your dog is suffering from pain, there are several ways you can help provide comfort and relieve their discomfort. Making some adjustments to their environment, daily routine, and your interactions with them can go a long way in improving their quality of life.
One of the easiest things you can do is provide a soft, warm place for them to rest. Older dogs especially benefit from orthopedic beds that cushion their joints. You’ll want to place beds in quiet areas around your home so your dog has a retreat to rest in peace. Wash the beds frequently to keep them clean and cozy.
Gentle massage can help relax tense muscles and increase blood flow. Focus on massaging areas that seem to bother your dog the most. Start slowly and stop if your dog shows signs of discomfort. As always, never massage areas that are inflamed or tender.
Mental stimulation through training, games, and toys can help distract your dog from pain. Work on basic commands, hide treats around the house for them to find, or fill puzzle toys with kibble to occupy their mind. This gives them an outlet for their energy if their normal activity is limited.
If over-the-counter medications recommended by your vet don’t seem to provide enough relief, prescription pain medication may be necessary. Your vet will prescribe the appropriate medication based on your dog’s specific condition.
Physical therapy tailored to your dog’s needs can also help strengthen muscles, increase mobility, and decrease pain. Therapists use techniques like stretching, massage, therapeutic exercises, and other modalities. Ask your vet for a referral to a certified canine rehabilitation therapist.