Introduction
With their striking tricolor coats and gentle temperaments, Bernese Mountain Dogs have charmed their way into the hearts of many. However, potential owners are often taken aback when they learn these lovable giants have an unfortunately short lifespan, even compared to other large breeds.
The Bernese Mountain Dog originated as a farm dog in the Swiss Alps, used to pull carts, drive cattle, and guard property. Their calm, steady nature made them excellent working dogs. Today, they are primarily beloved family companions. However, they still retain their relatively short lifespan compared to other breeds.
The average Bernese Mountain Dog lives only 7-10 years, compared to 10-12 years for most dogs of similar size. This shockingly low lifespan means owners often lose their Bernese companions far too soon. Understanding the reasons behind their shortened life expectancy can help owners provide the best care possible.
History of the Breed
The Bernese Mountain Dog originated in the Swiss Alps and was bred to be a working farm dog. According to Wikipedia 1, this breed was traditionally used as a general farm dog and to pull carts. The Bernese Mountain Dog is an ancient breed, with origins dating back to Roman times over 2,000 years ago, when Mastiffs were brought to Switzerland by the Romans 2.
Over time, selective breeding programs focused on developing the Bernese Mountain Dog’s strengths as a working farm dog. They were bred to have the strength and stamina needed to pull carts and perform farm work in the mountains and valleys of the Swiss Alps. The selective breeding resulted in the loyal, gentle temperament and muscular build of the Bernese Mountain Dog we know today.
Common Health Issues
Unfortunately, Bernese Mountain Dogs are prone to a number of health issues, which contribute to their shorter than average lifespan of 7-9 years.
Some of the most common health problems in the breed include:
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Hip Dysplasia: This inherited condition occurs when the hip joint does not form properly, leading to arthritis and lameness. It affects 20-40% of Berners. Bernese Mountain Dog health issues often involve hip and elbow problems.
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Elbow Dysplasia: Similar to hip dysplasia, this is when the elbow joint develops abnormally, causing pain and lameness. It affects 10-25% of the breed.
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Cancer: Berners are prone to various cancers, especially histiocytic sarcoma. Bone cancer and mammary cancer are also common. Over 40% are estimated to develop cancer.
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Bloat: Also known as gastric dilatation-volvulus, bloat is life-threatening and requires emergency treatment. It affects large, deep-chested breeds like Berners.
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Heart Disease: Cardiac issues like cardiomyopathy and mitral valve disease impact around 10% of Berners.
These genetic health problems mean many Berners experience painful joints, mobility issues, and serious illnesses at a young age. Careful health screening and responsible breeding is important to improve the breed’s longevity.
Genetics
Genetics play a significant role in the Bernese mountain dog’s shortened lifespan. According to research published in BMC Veterinary Research, the breed has a high coefficient of inbreeding which leads to a lack of genetic diversity. This makes the breed more susceptible to inherited diseases and conditions that negatively impact health and longevity.
One major issue is that the Bernese mountain dog breed suffered a genetic bottleneck in the early 20th century when only a few dogs survived. The small founding population led to limited gene pool diversity and increased homozygosity. As a result, detrimental recessive traits became widespread throughout the breed. Harmful genes linked to cancer, autoimmune disorders, musculoskeletal problems, and cardiac issues commonly occur.
To improve lifespan, outcrossing to other breeds has been suggested to increase genetic variation. However, introducing new genes is challenging due to breed standards and registration restrictions. Careful selection of breeding stock focusing on health and longevity over conformation traits may help gradually improve genetic diversity and robustness over generations.
Lifestyle Factors
Proper diet and exercise can significantly influence the lifespan of Bernese mountain dogs. These large breed dogs are prone to joint issues, so maintaining a healthy weight is crucial. Overweight Berners put extra stress on their joints, increasing the likelihood of dysplasia and arthritis.
Bernese mountain dogs should be fed a high-quality diet formulated specifically for large breeds. Foods rich in glucosamine and chondroitin can help support joint health. Owners should also avoid overfeeding, as excess weight gain strains the joints. Portion control and measuring food intake can help maintain a healthy weight.
Regular exercise is also important for joint health and longevity. Short, daily walks and play sessions are ideal for Berners. Low-impact activities like swimming are great options as well. Exercise helps control weight, strengthen muscles supporting the joints, improve cardiovascular health, and prevent obesity.
Routine veterinary care can identify any emerging health issues early on. Annual exams, bloodwork, and radiographs of susceptible joints allow vets to monitor for problems. Early intervention for orthopedic disease, cancer, heart disease, and other common issues in the breed can significantly extend lifespan.
Overall, a nutritious diet, ideal body condition, regular low-impact exercise, and proactive veterinary care are key factors owners can control to help maximize their Bernese Mountain Dog’s lifespan.
Sources:
https://blog.tryfi.com/bernese-mountain-dog-lifespan/
https://www.quora.com/Is-there-a-way-to-increase-the-life-expectancy-of-a-Bernese-Mountain-Dog
Veterinary Care
Regular veterinary care is crucial for Bernese mountain dogs due to their susceptibility to health issues. Annual checkups allow vets to establish a baseline for your dog and detect any changes year-over-year. Your vet may recommend screening tests starting as early as 1 year old to look for common diseases in the breed. These tests can include:
- X-rays to check for elbow and hip dysplasia
- Eye exam to test for inherited eye diseases
- Cardiac exam to listen for heart murmurs
- Bloodwork to check for issues like hypothyroidism
Early detection of disease can allow for earlier treatment interventions, which may help prolong your Bernese’s lifespan. Discuss an appropriate screening schedule with your veterinarian based on your dog’s needs. With diligent veterinary care and close monitoring, you can help maximize your Bernese mountain dog’s longevity.
Breeding Practices
One factor that impacts Bernese Mountain Dog lifespan is problematic breeding practices.[1] Unfortunately, poor breeding practices like backyard breeding without health testing or focus on pedigree are common with the breed. This increases the chances of inherited health conditions that lead to shorter lifespans.
Ethical breeders follow guidelines to screen and test breeding dogs. Health testing for issues like hip and elbow dysplasia, eye disease, and cancer is recommended by the Bernese Mountain Dog Club of America.[2] Following a code of ethics helps ensure healthier puppies. Supporting responsible breeding practices can improve longevity over generations through careful selection of parent dogs.
Prospective owners should research breeders’ health testing and focus on health and temperament, not just show ring success. Asking questions about parent dogs and seeing proof of health clearances can identify breeders adhering to best practices. While no guarantees exist, choosing an ethical breeder stacks the odds in favor of a longer, healthier life.
Sources:
[1] https://www.reddit.com/r/bernesemountaindogs/comments/439pz8/bernese_mountain_dog_lifespan_has_dropped/
[2] https://blog.tryfi.com/bernese-mountain-dog-lifespan/
Owner Education
Prospective Bernese mountain dog owners need to be educated on the relatively short lifespan of the breed before making the commitment to get one of these dogs. The average lifespan is only 7-10 years, which is low compared to many other breeds that live 10-12 years on average [1]. Owners should be prepared that their Bernese may only be with them for a short time.
Owning a Bernese mountain dog is a big commitment because of their short lifespan. Prospective owners need to be ready to provide proper veterinary care, nutrition, exercise and enrichment for their Bernese during those few short years. Owners should also be prepared for the heartbreak that will come when their beloved Bernese passes away earlier than expected. Educating prospective owners on the lifespan and commitment required helps ensure good homes for these dogs.
Recent Research
Recent studies have aimed to better understand why Bernese mountain dogs often have shorter lifespans compared to other breeds. A 2016 study published in BMC Veterinary Research analyzed causes of death and life expectancy in 389 Bernese mountain dogs in Switzerland [1]. The median lifespan was 8.4 years. The leading causes of death were found to be cancer (47% of dogs), old age (13.4%), and cardiovascular disease (8.7%).
Researchers have looked at the high rates of cancer in the breed, which are believed to be strongly influenced by genetics [2]. Some studies have investigated screening tests and early detection methods to improve outcomes. There is also interest in better understanding cardiovascular health in the breed.
In terms of improving lifespan, some studies have suggested maintaining lean body condition and delaying sterilization could be beneficial. More research is still needed to fully understand the factors influencing Bernese health and longevity.
Conclusion
In summary, Bernese mountain dogs have a shorter than average lifespan compared to other breeds for several key reasons. Their genetics make them prone to health issues like cancer, joint problems, and heart disease, which take a toll over time. As a large breed, they also tend to have shorter lifespans in general. Lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and weight management play a role as well. While there’s no way to dramatically extend their lifespan, owners can take steps to maximize it through proper veterinary care, a healthy lifestyle, high-quality nutrition, exercise moderation to avoid joint issues, maintaining a lean body weight, regular health screenings, and working with reputable breeders focused on health and longevity.
Some ways owners can help maximize their Bernese mountain dog’s lifespan include:
- Feeding them a balanced, healthy diet and avoiding overfeeding
- Keeping their weight in the ideal range
- Providing adequate exercise but avoiding overexertion, especially on developing joints
- Scheduling annual vet exams and recommended health screenings
- Keeping up with preventative care like vaccines, heartworm medication, and flea/tick control
- Working closely with your vet if any health issues emerge
- Choosing a responsible breeder who health tests their dogs
- Providing mental stimulation through training, play, etc.
- Keeping their environment clean to avoid infections
While their lifespan is inherently shorter than many breeds, attentive owners can take steps to keep their Bernese mountain dog as healthy and happy as possible. Staying informed on the latest research can also help owners make the best choices for maximizing longevity.